This article is meant to provide a full review of Kinesio Taping (KT), including its uses, benefits, characteristics, contraindications, and physiology. In addition, common sports-related musculoskeletal conditions are managed using KT, which targets athletes from different sports. These cases are shoulder impingement, tennis elbow, patellofemoral pain syndrome, shin splint, and ankle instability. In addition, this paper is covering the effect of applying KT with these conditions, the outcome of KT with or without another modality, providing recommendations, and detecting research gaps related to taping. Besides involving healthy athletes, this review highlights the sequel of using KT with various sports performances.

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In sports, the difference between winning and losing can often come down to the smallest of margins. As such, athletes and coaches are constantly looking for ways to gain an edge over their competitors. One area that has seen significant growth in recent years is the use of predictive modeling and personalized modeling to enhance athletic performance. Predictive and personalized modeling helps athletes and coaches make more informed decisions about training and preparing for competitions. By identifying the areas of weakness or predicting potential injuries, these models can help athletes take proactive steps to address these issues. Predictive and personalized modeling in sports is also associated with challenges. Despite the challenges, the potential benefits of predictive and personalized modeling in sports are clear. By providing athletes with highly targeted insights into optimizing their performance, predictive modeling and personalized modeling help them to achieve their full potential and reach new heights in their respective sports. As a result, it is expected that there will be further increases in the implementation of predictive and personalized modeling in the forthcoming years.

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Interferential therapy (IFT) is considered to be the most commonly used electrical modality in the management of different cases in the physiotherapy clinic. IFT use of therapeutic frequencies involves the combination of two-medium level frequencies that penetrate deeply through the skin and muscle to the acupuncture point, without causing pain to the patients. In addition, it has many advantages as it is considered safe, easy to use, nonpharmacological, noninvasive, and effective in terms of rehabilitation. It is also effective in most musculoskeletal disorders as well as in sports injuries such as muscle, joint, ligament, tendon, and bone injuries. IFT has five main approaches relating to its effect on pain, muscle stimulation, vasodilatation, edemas, and bone healing. All of these approaches require different frequencies, intensities, and patterns in order to achieve the anticipated outcome. In conclusion, IFT is effective and easy to apply, and many researchers recommend that it should be considered an option in terms of rehabilitation and sports management.

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Background: Middle distance running is a track and field sport and 800 meter running is one of it. The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between 800 meter running time with BMI, aerobic capacity, anaerobic power and F30 time. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 volunteer rural collegiate athletes were randomly participated in this study. Results: Their mean age (in years), weight (in kg), height (in cm), BMI (kg/m²), Cardiorespiratory endurance or VO2 max (ml/kg/min), anaerobic power (watt), F30 time (sec) and 800 meter running time (m.s) were 19.35 (±1.37), 61.92 (±9.94), 171.12 (±5.91), 21.13 (±3.15), 35.83 (±4.05), 334.17, (±114.87), 5.44 (±0.26), 3.43 (±0.23) respectively. The Pearson correlation test was applied between 800 meter running time with BMI, aerobic capacity, anaerobic power and F30 time and its P value was -0.01, 0.06, -0.20, -0.07 respectively. Conclusion: The finding of the present study suggests that 800 meter running time of these athletes are correlated with only BMI and not correlated with VO2 max, anaerobic power and F30 time.

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Introduction: Osteoporosis is a skeletal disorder that is characterized by low bone mass, micro-architectural disruption, and skeletal fragility, resulting in an increased risk of fracture. Osteoporosis imposes a great threat to public health as it is a major cause for fractures that are associated with high morbidity and mortality, such as hip and vertebral fractures. It is considered a preventable disease, thus in this study, we are aiming to assess the knowledge of the individuals to be able to address the insufficient awareness among the society. Materials and Methods: This is a quantitative, descriptive cross-sectional study that was conducted in the capital city of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Arabic self-reported questionnaire was used consisted of sociodemographic questions and the Osteoporosis Knowledge Assessment Tool. Results: With a sample of 451, only 15.2% of the participants were aware about osteoporosis. A total of 42.8% believed that it is easy to judge if you were at risk of developing osteoporosis from signs and symptoms and only 9.3% of participants know that osteoporosis does not usually cause symptoms such as pain before fractures. Discussion: Major lack and inadequacy were found among our sample regarding the knowledge of osteoporosis which correlates with previous studies. Significant increase in the awareness level of Chinese society was noticed between 2011 and 2018 from 30.7% to 67.8%, respectively. Conclusion: Knowledge of osteoporosis among Saudi society is way behind the required level. Raising the awareness of the individual will help to decrease the prevalence of osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures leading to decrease in morbidity and mortality, burden, and cost.

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Lumbar Disc Herniation LDH affects athletes more than the majority of the general population worldwide. The standard management of lumber disc herniation is a conservative treatment including non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs and physical therapy however if conservative management fails to improve patient manifestations, surgery is recommended. The goal of this study was to emphasize that, whether the therapeutic exercise intervention for an athlete patient with a lumbar disc herniation complaining of Low Back Pain (LBP) radiating to the lower limb would be effective in return to sports activities. A 37-year-old athlete weightlifter patient was referred to the physical therapy department with a chief complaint of low back pain radiating to the right lower limb for the last year, patient was using a cane as a walking aid since a sports injury almost a year ago. The patient had been diagnosed via Magnetic resonance imaging with L5-S1 disc herniation. The clinical musculoskeletal examination consisted of; a range of motion, muscle manual test, pain severity scale by visual analogue scale, and lower extremity functional index. The patient was handled by a single physiotherapist who is well-experienced in managing sports injuries, our patient had received 24 sessions in 8 weeks, divided into 4 intensity-increasing phases. In the first phase, the goal was to reduce pain, through gentle stretching, and Range of Motion ROM exercises. The exercises increased in intensity gradually throughout each phase. The last phase's goal was to allow the patient to return safely and effectively to the sport, this phase continued with the same given program before in addition to sport-specific exercises. The patient's initial visual analogue scale was 8\10 and Lower Extremity Functional Index LEFI 18\80. In the last session of the treatment program patient scored by the Visual Analogue Scale VAS 2\10, and lower extremity function index LEFI 72\80. The patient was able to carry out the functional activity in a free pain Range of Motion ROM with appropriate posture and he was capable to return to his usual sports activities. This report describes the treatment program of an athlete patient with Lumbar Disc Herniation LDH that resulted in decreased pain, improve motor function, and the ability to return to sport.

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