Handball is a highly dynamic sport that involves almost all joints during play. Handball, like other dynamic sports, sees common musculoskeletal injuries in various body locations. Identifying the mechanism of injury is the key in injury prevention. This literature review focuses on the biomechanical aspect of injuries in central forward players in handball. This review will assist the coaches and trainers to implement effective training and injury prevention programs among handball players.

Basketball is the most engaging game to take place in any community. It involves high-intensity physical activities that require changing direction continuously, along with high-load actions. To make this sport safer, it is essential to understand the causes of injuries during games. Furthermore, understanding the intrinsic, extrinsic, biomechanical, psychological, and physiological risk factors, it is also crucial to be aware of the incidence and prevalence of associated injuries. Such knowledge will facilitate the development of new prevention techniques and methods that will help prevent extensive sports injuries and make sports safer.

Soccer being a high contact sport demands physical ability from athletes to show better performance in training sessions and competition. Every sport requires specific training, likewise soccer training needs to be well designed according to demands required for the sport. The training needs to be organized through a season to help an athlete reach his optimal performance. Many variables should consider in the training program to enhance the performance, such as strength training, endurance training, aerobic and anaerobic training, flexibility training, and fitness training. However, this literature review aimed to discuss and highlight different aspects related to skills which are required for strikers in soccer during the preseason period. Literature suggests that “depending on player position during game, soccer team could cover various distances on field.” Fitness is equally important for all players like midfield player, defender, and striker. A study has shown that the central midfield player covered a high average of around 12 km while the defender covered the smallest distance with 10.6 km and the striker is in between the two players' averages, with 11.25 km. However, the striker is involved in different activities on field such as sprinting, jogging, running, walking, dribbling with the ball, changing direction, shooting the ball, kicking, hitting the ball, passing the ball, tackling, and being tackled. Therefore, the striker needs to focus on lower limb strengthening along with other trainings to perform these activities. In short, understanding the athlete's physical requirements is very essential to design a specific strengthening preseason program which could help the athlete to perform through 90 min of match or training session.

Background: There are various field tests to predict VO₂max. The Rockport one-mile walk test and McArdle step test are among them, which are easy to administer and give good result. The purpose of this study was to see the differences in the result of VO₂max predicted by Rockport one-mile walk test and McArdle step test in the adult North Indian population. Methodology: A total of sixty college/university students from North India, between the age group of 18 and 25 years, were divided into two equal groups of thirty each. Group A performed Rockport one-mile walk test and Group B performed McArdle step test. Results and Analysis: The mean age (years), height (cm), weight (kg), and VO₂max (ml/kg/min) of Group A were 19.73 (±1.34), 172.37 (±8.52), 63.23 (±11.01), and 55.47 (±3.73), respectively, whereas the mean age (years), height (cm), weight (kg), and VO₂max (ml/kg/min) of Group B were 19.30 (±1.02), 174.17 (±7.56), 70.03 (±7.11), and 53.12 (±9.37), respectively. T-test applied between both groups, and there is no statistically significant difference found in age (0.164), height (0.392), weight (0.006), and VO₂max (0.206) between both groups. Conclusion: This study has concluded that there is no difference between the Rockport one-mile walk test and McArdle step test for the prediction of VO₂max. Hence, we can use any of the tests, either Rockport one-mile walk or McArdle step test, for calculating VO₂max in any individuals.

Context: Low back pain (LBP) is one of the commonly prevailing disorders, and the leading source of causing disability globally. Spinal mobilization is commonly used in the clinical practice. According to some studies, it is evident that mobilization to the spine can be helpful in lessening pain. Aims: The purpose of the current study was to check the comparative effectiveness of Maitland Grade 1 and 2 mobilizations with mulligan snags mobilization in the treatment of nonspecific LBP. Subjects and Methods: A sample of 40 patients (mean age 35.25 years) who met with the inclusion conditions were recruited in the current study. Twenty patients each were divided into both treatment groups. Written informed consent took from each individual participating and divided randomly into two groups. In “Group A” Maitland technique, Grade 1 and Grade 2 were applied, whereas in “Group B” mulligan snags mobilization technique was applied along with infrared therapy as baseline treatment for 2 weeks. Oswestry disability questionnaire and the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) were used for assessment pre- and post-treatment. Statistical Analysis: SPSS version 21 was used. The Independent t-test was used between-group comparison and paired sample t-test was used for within-group comparison. Results: Mean difference between pre- and post-treatment values for NPRS and Oswestry Disability Index in Group A was 4.40 ± 1.31 and 24.95 ± 7.702, respectively, whereas in Group B was 3.20 ± 1.105 and 22.60 ± 9.202, respectively, with significant value of P= 0.003. Conclusions: It was concluded that mulligan mobilization is more effective than Maitland mobilization for LBP treatment. Mulligan mobilization not only decreased pain but also improved the functioning of the spine.

Introduction: Anterior knee pain mainly affects middle age group especially those who have structural malalignment of lower limbs. There is no consensus on the treatment in those who have idiopathic anterior knee pain with normal or mild structural lower limb malalignment. Materials and Methods: Arthroscopic peripatellar denervation was done in 30 patients (40 knees) from January 2017 to July 2019. All patients were assessed pre- and post-operatively by Kujala and Werner functional knee score. Results: Kujala score was improved from 70.4 (45–84) preoperatively to 93.3 (75–100) at 6 months (P < 0.05). Werner anterior knee pain score improved from 29.56 (17–37) to 44.7 (32–50) at 6 months (P < 0.05). No significant improvement was seen in both scores after 6 months. Excellent results were obtained in all patients except those had excessive femoral anteversion and full-thickness cartilage defect of the patella. Conclusion: We concluded from this study that arthroscopic peripatellar denervation is a promising treatment in young patients with no or minimal structural abnormality.